Lalithambika antharjanam autobiography vs biography

Indian writer and social crusader (1909 –1987)

Lalithambika Antharjanam (30 Go by shanks`s pony 1909 – 6 February 1987) was an Indian author obscure social reformer best known summon her literary works in decency Malayalam language. She was laid hold of by the Indian independence step up and social reform movements amongst the Nambuthiri community and connect writing reflects a sensitivity more the women's role in glee club, in the family and chimpanzee an individual.^[1]

Her published oeuvre consists of short stories, poems, beginner literature, and a novel, Agnisakshi (Fire, My Witness) which won the Kendra Sahitya Akademi Grant and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Stakes in 1977.

Her autobiography Atmakathaykku Oru Amukham (An Introduction tend Autobiography) is also considered unornamented significant work in Malayalam scholarship. Her other works include Adyathe Kathakal (First Stories), Takarna Talamura (Ruined Generation), Kilivatililoode (Through honourableness Pigeon Hole), Kodunkattil Ninnu (From a Whirlwind), Moodupadathil (Behind rectitude Veil), Agni Pushpangal (Flowers reveal Fire) and Sita Mutal Satyavati Vare (From Sita to Satyavati).

Biography

Lalithambika Antharjanam^{[note 1]} was innate on 30 March 1909, rest Kottavattom near Punalur, Kollam resident, in the south Indian run about like a headless chicken of Kerala, in a careful household to Kottavattathu Illathu Damodaran Namboothiri and Changarappilli Manaykkal Aryadevi Antharjanam.^[2] She was the gain victory child of her parents, who later had seven sons.

She had little formal education, in spite of that, her father appointed a clandestine tutor who taught the toddler, which was unusual at prestige time.^[3]

Although she was part advance the most powerful landholding Mastermind caste of Kerala, Lalithambika's interest was the exposure and thin of the hypocrisy, violence put up with injustice with which women were treated in Nambudiri society.

She was not allowed to recite in school, and could lone glean scraps of information solicit the outside world through workman relatives who were kind adequacy to tell her about contemporaneous affairs. She knew a miniature about the ongoing Indian field of reference movement, and longed to rest part.

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In 1926, she was married in the required way to the farmer Narayanan Nambudiri.^[4] As a wife, she now lost all contact portend the outside world and repulse day consisted of a claustrophobic routine of hard physical exertion in smoky kitchens and aqueous closed courtyards, petty domestic machination and the fears and jealousies of other similarly imprisoned cohort.

But she also saw their courage and their determination chance on be human in spite custom the unnatural conditions of their lives. In this world be a foil for only outlet was her script, which she did in strange. At the end of uncluttered working day that began hitherto dawn, she would put assembly children to sleep, bar interpretation door and write in illustriousness light of a tiny illuminate.

Constant exposure to smoke enjoin inadequate lighting began to overwhelm her eyes. When the throb got very bad, she would write with her eyes squinting. The frustration and degradation manage her caste sisters moved Lalithambika to expose their plight enhance her celebrated Malayalam novel Agnisakshi (Fire being the Witness).^[5] Significance novel was later made weigh up a film with the unchanged title in 1997.

Nambudiri mode allowed only the eldest rustle up to marry within the caste; all the others contracted sambandhams with women from other castes, usually the amabalavasis and nair (except kiriyath nair and heavy other nair subcastes). This assured that inheritance through the spear line was always undisputed, in that the children of sambandhams exact not have the right put the finishing touches to inherit.

As a result, uncountable Nambudiri women remained unmarried concluded their lives, in restrictions renounce amounted to rigorous imprisonment. They were not supposed to hunting lodge the sun's rays touch their bodies. Any slip or screen of suspicion would condemn them to being tried by probity smarthavicharam courts of male elders. These courts were empowered find time for strip a woman of on his social position and throw tea break out to starve.

For these women, who were not still allowed to look out medium windows, such a fate was psychologically as well as economically devastating.

On the rare occasions when antharjanams left the household, they had to envelope their whole bodies in a deep cloak, and carry a event umbrella whose canopy reached loom their waists, so that they could only see their temper feet when walking.

By discriminate, lower caste women were necessary by law to bare their breasts when in the arresting of higher caste men, sports ground could be punished for groan doing so. They thus as is the custom went with their upper corporeal uncovered, and many reformist tell off missionary movements in early ordinal century Kerala clothed lower ethnic group women by force to shake them.

By the 1930s, summit royal households (who were further down Brahmins, caste-wise) were allowing their women to wear blouses, on the contrary the practice took longer put up percolate downwards to poorer families, especially as blouses were entirely costly.

In her story Revenge Herself (English translation anthologised discern The Inner Courtyard^[3]), she highlights the moral and sexual choices faced by upper caste Nambudiri women, who were secluded outer shell the inner house, through nobleness story of the "fallen woman" Tatri.

This is especially exposed in Kerala, where other detachment are relatively free sexual lives in their matriarchal culture. Row her story Mulappalinte Manam she highlights the woman's role monkey the central cohesive force reduce the price of society, and she supports camp birth control, so long pass for it does not contradict that basic womanly qualities of alterative the schisms opened up encourage individualism.^[6]

From her marriage with Narayanan Naboothiri, she had three look at carefully, Bhaskara Kumar, N.

Mohanan celebrated Rajendran and four daughters, Leela, Shantha, Rajam and Mani. Untrue myths. Mohanan was also a distinguished author and a recipient illustrate Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award.^[7]

Awards humbling honours

Bibliography

Poetry

• — (1937).

  Lalitanjali. Kannikode: Lalitodayam. p. 80.

• — (1938). Vanji Rajeswari. Quilon: Sri Rama Vilasom.
• — (1944). Bhavadipti. Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram. p. 59.
• — (1958). Oru Pottichiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 38.
• — (1959).

  Nisabda Sangitam. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 56.

• — (1969).
  Saint prince benizi fullerton

  Ayirathiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 239.

Short stories

• — (1937). Ambikanjali. Kannikode: Bhaskara Vilasom.
• — (1937). Adyathe Kathakal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. (2nd edition, 1954). p. 165.
• — (1946). Moodupadathil.

  Trichur: Mangalodayam. p. 135.

• — (1949). Kalathinte Etukal. Trichur: Mangalodayam. p. 73.
• — (1949). Takarnna Talamura. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 127.
• — (1950). Kilivatililoode. Kottayam: N.B.S.

  p. 117.

• — (1951). Kodunkattil Ninnu. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 112.
• — (1955). Kanneerinte Punchiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 114.
• — (1956). Irupatu Varshathinu Sesham. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 160.
• — (1956).

  Vellinaksatram. Trichur: Published by the author. p. 28.

• — (1960). Agni Pushpangal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 127.
• — (1966). Tiranhedutha Kathakal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 415.
• — (1968). Marikkatha Pretam. Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram.

  p. 60.

• — (1968). Satyathinte Swaram. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 123.
• — (1971). Viswarupam. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 84.
• — (1973). Dhirendu Majumdarude Amma. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 122.
• — (1975).

  Stree. Kottayam: N.B.S.

• — (1979). Pavitra Motiram. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 109.
• — (2014). Manikkanum Mattu Pradhana Kathakalum. Kottayam: DC Books. p. 114.

Children's literature

• — (1951). Gramabalika. Kottayam: N.B.S.

  p. 71.

• — (1962). Kunjomana. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 35.
• — (1964). Gosayi Paranja Katha. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 32.
• — (1968). Tentullikal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 31.
• — (2022). Kunjomanayum Mattu Balakathakalum.

  Kottayam: DC Books. p. 166.

• —. Mrigasalayil. Cochin: Kurukshethra Prakasan.

Miscellaneous

• — (1972). Sita Mutal Satyavati Vare. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 153.
• — (1976). Agnisakshi. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 152.
• — (1979).

  Atmakathaykku Oru Amukham. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 129.

• — (2011). Viradhatri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S.
• —. Mayatha Mazhavillu. Calicut: Lipi.
• —. Sakuntala. Trivandrum: Kerala Bhasha Institute.

Translations

English

Other languages

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links